Molecular and Psychological Determinants of Post-Surgical Recovery: Integrating Genetic, Biochemical, and Psychological Factors

Abstract

Background: This involves a complex interaction of molecular, biochemical, and psychological factors for post-surgical recovery. It examines the relative contributions of genetic polymorphisms, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and psychological resilience to determining surgical outcomes. Methods: 120 postoperative patients were analyzed for genetic variations: IL-6 -174G>C and TNF-α rs1800629 (G>A); inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-α, CRP; oxidative stress parameters MDA, SOD, GPx; and psychological status as indicated by the scores of HADS and CD-RISC. The pain intensity, healing time, and recovery in function were evaluated at the 30th postoperative day. Results: Patients with pro-inflammatory genetic polymorphisms showed higher IL-6 levels at 12.4 ± 2.3 pg/mL (p = 0.002) and delayed wound healing at 14.2 ± 3.5 days compared with 9.6 ± 2.8 days (p = 0.003). Oxidative stress markers expressed as MDA level were elevated at 3.6 ± 0.8 nmol/mL (p = 0.006) in patients who had high preoperative anxiety. Patients with psychological resilience had CD-RISC values >70, which translated to faster recovery at 8.9 ± 2.4 days (p = 0.005) and lower pain scores. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the interconnected role of genetic, biochemical, and psychological factors in recovery from surgery. A multidisciplinary approach including genetic screening, anti-inflammatory strategies, and psychological interventions can be beneficial for post-surgical outcomes. Personalized treatment programs should be developed to offer optimal care for the patient.